{"id":3692,"date":"2025-06-25T08:28:26","date_gmt":"2025-06-25T05:28:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/taqiyatasmko.uz\/?p=3692"},"modified":"2025-07-01T07:39:39","modified_gmt":"2025-07-01T04:39:39","slug":"%d1%9ezbekcha-turkiston-ijtimoiy-siyosiy-harakatchiligining-eng-yirik-namoyandasi-yangi-davr-o%ca%bbzbek-madaniyatining-asoschisi-mahmudxo%ca%bbj","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/taqiyatasmko.uz\/uz\/archives\/3692.html","title":{"rendered":"Turkiston ijtimoiy-siyosiy harakatchiligining\u00a0 eng\u00a0 yirik\u00a0namoyandasi,\u00a0 yangi\u00a0 davr\u00a0 o\u02bbzbek\u00a0 madaniyatining\u00a0 asoschisi\u00a0Mahmudxo\u02bbja Behbudiy hayotidan\u00a0Bibliografik sharh"},"content":{"rendered":"

Taxiatosh tumani\u00a0<\/strong>Axborot-kutubxona markazi\u00a0<\/strong>Axborot-bibliografiya xizmati<\/strong><\/p>\n

Turkiston ijtimoiy-siyosiy harakatchiligining\u00a0 eng\u00a0 yirik\u00a0<\/strong>namoyandasi,\u00a0 yangi\u00a0 davr\u00a0 o\u02bbzbek\u00a0 madaniyatining\u00a0 asoschisi\u00a0<\/strong>Mahmudxo\u02bbja Behbudiy hayotidan\u00a0<\/strong>Bibliografik sharh<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mahmudxo\u02bbja Behbudiy<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mahmudxo\u02bbja Behbudiy XX asr bo\u02bbsag\u02bbasidagi Turkiston ijtimoiy-siyosiy harakatchiligining \u00a0eng\u00a0 yirik\u00a0 namoyandasi,\u00a0 yangi\u00a0 davr\u00a0 o\u02bbzbek\u00a0 madaniyatining\u00a0 asoschisidir.\u00a0 Turkiston jadidlarining\u00a0 tan\u00a0 olingan\u00a0 rahnamosi,\u00a0 mustaqil\u00a0 jumhuriyat\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0g\u02bboyasining\u00a0 yalovbardori,\u00a0 yangi maktab g\u02bboyasining nazariyotchisi va amaliyotchisi, o\u02bbzbek dramaturgiyasini boshlab bergan birinchi dramaturg, teatrchi, noshir, jurnalist. \u00a0\u00a0U tariximizning g\u02bboyat og\u02bbir va murakkab bir davrida\u00a0 yashadi.\u00a0 XVI\u00a0 asrdan\u00a0 boshlangan\u00a0 inqiroz\u00a0 va\u00a0 turg\u02bbunlik,\u00a0 o\u02bbzaro\u00a0 janjal,\u00a0 mahalliy urug\u02bbchilik\u00a0 nizolari\u00a0 millatni\u00a0 holdan\u00a0 toydirgan,\u00a0 imkondan\u00a0 foydalanib\u00a0 o \u02bblkani\u00a0 zabt\u00a0 etgan Rusiya\u00a0 zo\u02bbr\u00a0 berib,\u00a0 uni\u00a0 turg\u02bbun\u00a0 va\u00a0 tutqun\u00a0 saqlashga\u00a0 urinardi.\u00a0 Mana\u00a0 shunday\u00a0 bir\u00a0 sharoitda Vatanni butunlay yo\u02bbq bo\u02bblish xavfidan saqlab\u00a0 qolish, avlodlarni erk va ozodlik, mustaqillik ruhida\u00a0 tarbiyalash,\u00a0 ma\u02bcrifat\u00a0 va\u00a0 taraqqiyotta\u00a0 boshlash\u00a0 jadidlar\u00a0 nomi\u00a0 bilan\u00a0 tarixga\u00a0 kirgan Behbudiy boshliq fidoyilar zimmasiga tushdi.<\/p>\n

Turkistonda\u00a0 \u201cUsuli\u00a0 jadid\u201d,\u00a0 \u201cUsuli\u00a0 savtiya\u201d\u00a0 nomlari\u00a0 bilan\u00a0 shuhrat\u00a0 topgan\u00a0 yangi\u00a0 maktabni\u00a0 shular tashkil qilib, shular birinchi bo\u02bblib zamonaviy maktab g\u02bboyasini ilgari surdilar. Ular o\u02bbz hisoblaridan maktablar ochib, yosh avlodni istiklolga tayyorladilar, she\u02bcr va maqolalar, sahna\u00a0 asarlari\u00a0 orqali\u00a0 milliy\u00a0 ongni\u00a0 shakllantirishga,\u00a0 milliy\u00a0 g\u02bburur\u00a0 va\u00a0 iftixor\u00a0 tuyg\u02bbularini singdirishga urindilar. Rusiya qonunlari imkon bergan darajada Turkiston musulmonlarining\u00a0 sha\u02bcnu\u00a0 shavkatini\u00a0 himoya\u00a0 qildilar,\u00a0 inqilob\u00a0 yillarida\u00a0 esa\u00a0 mustaqillik\u00a0 bayrog\u02bbini\u00a0 baland ko\u02bbtardilar.<\/p>\n

Mahmudxo\u02bbja\u00a0 Behbudiy\u00a0 mana\u00a0 shu\u00a0 Turkiston\u00a0 jadidchilik\u00a0 harakatining\u00a0 asoschisi,\u00a0 boshlab beruvchisi edi. U 1875 yilning 19 yanvarida Samarqand yaqinidagi Baxshitepa qishlog \u02bbida, ruhoniy\u00a0 oilasida\u00a0 dunyoga\u00a0 kelgan.\u00a0 Otasi\u00a0 Behbudxo\u02bbja\u00a0 Solihxo\u02bbja\u00a0 o\u02bbg\u02bbli\u00a0 turkistonlik,\u00a0 Ahmad Yassaviyning\u00a0 avlodlaridan,\u00a0 ona\u00a0 tomonidan\u00a0 bobosi\u00a0 Niyozxo \u02bbja\u00a0 urganchlik\u00a0 bo\u02bblib,\u00a0 amir Shohmurod\u00a0 zamonida\u00a0 (1785\u20131800) Samarqandga\u00a0 kelib\u00a0 qolgan.\u00a0 1894\u00a0 yilda\u00a0 otasi,\u00a0 imomxatiblik bilan shug\u02bbullanib kelgan Behbudxo\u02bbja vafot etadi. Yosh Mahmudxo\u02bbja\u00a0 tog\u02bbasi qozi Muhammad Siddiq tarbiyasi va qaramog\u02bbida o\u02bbsib voyaga yetadi. Arab sarfu nahvini kichik tog\u02bbasi Mulla Odildan o\u02bbrganadi. 18 yoshida qozixonada mirzolik qila boshlaydi. O \u02bbz ustida qunt bilan ishlab, shariatning yuksak maqomlari \u2013 qozi, mufti darajasigacha ko\u02bbtariladi. Yosh Mahmudxo\u02bbja\u00a0 dunyoqarashining\u00a0 shakllanishida\u00a0 Rusiya\u00a0 jadidchilik\u00a0 harakatining\u00a0 asoschisi Ismoilbek Gasprinskiyning xizmati\u00a0 katta \u00a0bo \u02bblgan. U 1892\u00a0 yilda Turkistondagi\u00a0 maktablarni isloh kilish, \u201cusuli savtiya\u201dni joriy etish taklifi bilan general gubernator N. O. Rozenbaxga murojaat\u00a0 etadi.\u00a0 Javob\u00a0 olmagach,\u00a0 1893\u00a0 yilda\u00a0 o\u02bbzi\u00a0 Toshkentga\u00a0 keldi.\u00a0 Samarqand,\u00a0 Buxoroda bo\u02bbldi. Mahalliy xalq bilan gaplashib, dastlabki yangi usul maktablarni ochishga muvaffaq bo\u02bbldi. Behbudiy o\u02bbz xotiralarida ustozi bilan uchrashuvlarini ixlos va muhabbat\u00a0 bilan tilga oladi.<\/p>\n

1899\u20131900 yillarda Behbudiy haj safariga boradi. Dunyo ko\u02bbrish izsiz ketmaydi. Safar yangi maktab haqidagi qarashlarini mustahkamlaydi. Uning tashabbus va g\u02bbayrati bilan 1903 yilda Samarqand\u00a0 atrofidagi\u00a0 Halvoyi\u00a0 (S.\u00a0 Siddiqiy),\u00a0 Rajabamin\u00a0 (A.\u00a0 Shakuriy)\u00a0 qishloqlarida\u00a0 yangi maktablar\u00a0 tashkil\u00a0 topdi. Adib bu\u00a0 maktablar uchun\u00a0 darsliklar\u00a0 tuzishga kirishadi.\u00a0 Ketma-ket \u201cRisolai\u00a0 asbobi\u00a0 savod\u201d\u00a0 (1904),\u00a0 \u201cRisolai\u00a0 jug\u02bbrofiyai\u00a0 umroniy\u201d\u00a0 (1905),\u00a0 \u201cRisolai\u00a0 jug\u02bbrofiyai Rusiy\u201d\u00a0 (1905),\u00a0 \u201cKitobatul-atfol\u201d\u00a0 (1908),\u00a0 \u201cAmaliyoti\u00a0 islom\u201d\u00a0 (1908),\u00a0 \u201cTarixi\u00a0 islom\u201d\u00a0 (1909) kabi kitoblari paydo bo\u02bbladi.<\/p>\n

1903\u20131904\u00a0 yillarda\u00a0 Maskov,\u00a0 Peterburgga\u00a0 boradi,\u00a0 1907\u00a0 yilda\u00a0 Qozon,\u00a0 Ufa,\u00a0 Nijniy \u00a0Novogorodda bo\u02bbladi. Bular sayohat emas, xizmat safari edi. Masalan: Nijniy Novogorodda 1907 yilning 23\u00a0 avgustida Rusiya musulmonlarining turmush va madaniyati muammolariga bag\u02bbishlangan\u00a0 qurultoyi\u00a0 chaqiriladi.\u00a0 Behbudiy\u00a0 turkistonliklar\u00a0 guruhini\u00a0 boshqaradi\u00a0 va\u00a0 katta nutq so\u02bbzlaydi.<\/p>\n

Ma\u02bcrifat\u00a0 uchun\u00a0 birgina\u00a0 maktab\u00a0 kifoya\u00a0 qilmaydi.\u00a0 Zamon \u00a0va\u00a0 dunyo\u00a0 voqealari\u00a0 bilan\u00a0 tanishib bormoq\u00a0 kerak.\u00a0 Millat\u00a0 va\u00a0 Vatanning\u00a0 ahvolidan,\u00a0 kundalik\u00a0 hayotidan\u00a0 ogoh\u00a0 bo\u02bblmoq\u00a0 lozim. Millat uchun oyna kerak, toki undan o\u02bbz qabohatini ham malohatini ham ko\u02bbra olsin.<\/p>\n

Mana shu ehtiyoj va zarurat Behbudiyni teatr va matbuotga boshladi. \u201cPadarkush\u201d dramasi \u00a0shu tariqa maydonga \u00a0keldi. Biroq uning dunyo ko\u02bbrishi oson kechmadi. \u201cPadarkush\u201d dramasi 1913\u00a0 yildagina\u00a0 bosilib\u00a0 chiqadi.\u00a0 Kitob\u00a0 jildiga\u00a0 \u201cBorodino\u00a0 jangi\u00a0 va\u00a0 Rossiyaning\u00a0 fransuzlar bosqinidan\u00a0 xalos\u00a0 bo\u02bblishining\u00a0 yubiley\u00a0 sanasiga\u00a0 bag\u02bbishlanadi\u201d\u00a0 degan\u00a0 yozuv\u00a0 bilan\u00a0 Tiflis senzurasidan ruxsat olinadi. Bosilib chiqqandan keyin ham sahnaga qo \u02bbyish uchun yaqin bir yil vaqt ketadi.<\/p>\n

\u201cPadarkush\u201d\u00a0 \u2013\u00a0 o\u02bbzbek\u00a0 dramachiligining\u00a0 hamma\u00a0 yakdil\u00a0 e\u02bctirof\u00a0 etgan\u00a0 birinchi\u00a0 namunasidir. \u00a0Mutaxassislar uni ham janr, ham mazmunga ko\u02bbra\u00a0 yangi o\u02bbzbek adabiyotini boshlab bergan bir asar sifatida baholaydilar. Muallif \u201cMilliy fojia\u201d atagan 3 parda 4 manzarali bu drama hajman\u00a0 ixcham,\u00a0 mazmunan\u00a0 nihoyatda\u00a0 sodda\u00a0 va\u00a0 jo\u02bbn\u00a0 edi.\u00a0 O\u02bbqimagan\u00a0 bolaning\u00a0 buzuq yo\u02bbllarga kirib o\u02bbz otasining o\u02bbldirgani, nodonlik va jaholat haqida edi.<\/p>\n

\u201cPadarkush\u201d dastlab Samarqandda 1914 yilning 15 yanvarida sahnaga qo \u02bbyidsi. Spektakl o\u02bbz \u00a0maishatiga o\u02bbralib, dunyoni unutgan millatdoshlarga chakmoqdek ta\u02bcsir etdi. U Toshkentda \u00a01914 yilning 27 fevralida qo\u02bbyildi. \u00a0Avloniyning \u201cTuron\u201d gruppasi Kolizey (Hozirgi savdo birjasi binosi)da o \u02bbz faoliyatini mana shu \u201cPadarkush\u201d bilan boshlangan edi. Spektakl boshlanish oldidan Munavvarqori teatrning jamiyat\u00a0 hayotidagi\u00a0 o\u02bbrni\u00a0 haqida\u00a0 nutq\u00a0 so\u02bbzlaydi.\u00a0 Bosh\u00a0 rolni\u00a0 A.\u00a0 Avloniyning\u00a0 o\u02bbzi\u00a0 ijro\u00a0 etadi. Mahalliy matbuot bu kunni \u201ctarixiy kun\u201d deb yozadi. \u201cTuron\u201d gruppasi 1914\u20131916 yillarda bu spektakl bilan butun Farg\u02bbona vodiysini aylanib chikdi. Turkistonni junbushga keltirgan qirg\u02bbinbarot inqilob yillarida ham sahnadan tushmadi. Bu bir tomondan millatni ma\u02bcrifat va taraqqiyot sari undashda katta ahamiyatga ega bo \u02bblsa, ikkinchi tomondan professional o \u02bbzbek teatri va dramachiligining maydonga kelishi hamda taraqqiyotida muhim xizmat qildi.<\/p>\n

Bu asarning o\u02bbz davrida adabiy harakatchilikka yetkazgan ta\u02bcsiri haqida qaydlar ko\u02bbp. Buning shohidi\u00a0 sifatida\u00a0 Abdulla\u00a0 Qodiriyning\u00a0 1913\u00a0 yillarda\u00a0 chiqqan\u00a0 \u201cPadarkush\u201d\u00a0 p \u02bcyesasi\u00a0 ta\u02bcsirida \u201cBaxtsiz\u00a0 kuyov\u201d\u00a0 degan\u00a0 teatr\u00a0 kitobini\u00a0 yozib\u00a0 yuborganimni\u00a0 o\u02bbzim\u00a0 ham\u00a0 payqamay\u00a0 qoldim, degan\u00a0 e\u02bctirofini\u00a0 eslash\u00a0 kifoya.\u00a0 1916\u00a0 yilda\u00a0 Toshkeshta\u00a0 ke lib\u00a0 Kolizeyda\u00a0 \u201cTuron\u201dning\u00a0 qator spektakllarini\u00a0 ko\u02bbrgan\u00a0 A.\u00a0 N.\u00a0 Samaylovich\u00a0 yozadi:\u00a0 \u201cTurkistonda\u00a0 yangi\u00a0 adabiyot\u00a0 maydonga keldi. Bu men uchun kutilgan hol edi\u2026 Yangi adabiyotning markazi\u00a0 \u2013\u00a0 Samarqand\u2026 Yesh qalamkashlarning bosh ilhomchisi samarqandlik mufti Maxmudxo\u02bbja Behbudiydir\u201d.<\/p>\n

1913 yildan Behbudiy matbuot ishlari bilan shug\u02bbullandi. Apreldan \u201cSamarqand\u201d gazetasini chiqara boshladi. Gazeta turkiy va forsiy tillarda, haftada ikki marta, dastlab ikki, so \u02bbng to\u02bbrt sahifada\u00a0 chop\u00a0 etilgan.\u00a0 45-soni\u00a0 chiqib,\u00a0 moddiy\u00a0 tanqislik\u00a0 tufayli\u00a0 to\u02bbxtagan.\u00a0 So\u02bbng\u00a0 Behbudiy shu yilning 30 avgustidan \u201cOyna\u201d jurnalini chiqara boshlaydi. \u201cHaftalik, suratlik bu majalla, asosan, o\u02bbzbek tilida bo\u02bblib, unda ixcham forsiy she\u02bcr, maqolalar, ruscha e\u02bclonlar ham berib boriladi\u2026 Kavkaz, Tatariston, Eron, Afg\u02bboniston, Hindiston va Turkiyagacha tarqalar edi\u2026 Jadidlarning sevikli jurnallari edi\u2026\u201d deb yozgan edi Ziyo Said.<\/p>\n

Behbudiy\u00a0 shu\u00a0 yillari\u00a0 nashr\u00a0 ishlari\u00a0 bilan\u00a0 qizg\u02bbin\u00a0 shug\u02bbullandi.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0A. V.Pyaskovskiy \u00a0uning\u00a0 o\u02bbz bosmaxonasida\u00a0 Fitratning\u00a0 \u201cBayonoti\u00a0 sayyohihindi\u201d\u00a0 asarini\u00a0 1913 yilda ruschaga tarjima qildirib, nashr etganini xabar beradi\u2026<\/p>\n

1914\u00a0 yilning\u00a0 29\u00a0 mayida\u00a0 Behbudiy\u00a0 ikkinchi\u00a0 bor\u00a0 arab\u00a0 mamlakatlariga\u00a0 sayohatga\u00a0 otlanadi. \u00a0Poyezdga\u00a0 o\u02bbtirib\u00a0 Bayramali\u00a0 orqali\u00a0 Ashxobodga\u00a0 o\u02bbtadi.\u00a0 Krasnovodsqdan\u00a0 paraxod\u00a0 bilan Bokuga\u00a0 boradi.\u00a0 2\u00a0 iyunda\u00a0 Mineralniye\u00a0 vodi-Kislovodsk-Pyatigorsk,\u00a0 Jeleznovodsk-RostovOdessani kezib, 8 iyunda Istanbulga kirib keladi. Kichik sayohatdan so \u02bbng Istanbulga qaytib, 21\u00a0 iyunda\u00a0 suv yo\u02bbli bilan\u00a0 Quddusga yo\u02bbl oladi.\u00a0 Bayrut, Yofa, Xalil\u00a0 ar-Rahmon,\u00a0 Port\u00a0 Said, Shom\u00a0 shaharlarini\u00a0 tamoshaqiladi\u2026\u00a0 Sayohatxotiralari\u00a0 har\u00a0 jihatdan\u00a0 g\u02bboyat\u00a0 muhim\u00a0 bo\u02bblib, Behbudiy ularni o\u02bbz jurnali \u201cOyna\u201dning 1914 yil sonlarida mazkur nom ostida peshma-pesh berib boradi. Bu \u201cXotiralar\u201d ham ma\u02bcrifiy, ham adabiy estetik jihatdan nihoyatda muhim. U adabiyotimizdagi\u00a0 an\u02bcanaviy\u00a0 tarixiy\u00a0 me\u02bcmuar\u00a0 janrining\u00a0 XX\u00a0 asr\u00a0 boshidagi\u00a0 o\u02bbziga\u00a0 xos namunasidir.<\/p>\n

\u201cOyna\u201d\u00a0 jurnali\u00a0 ma\u02bcrifat\u00a0 va\u00a0 madaniyat\u00a0 tarqatishda\u00a0 juda\u00a0 katta\u00a0 xizmat\u00a0 qildi.\u00a0 Unda\u00a0 millat\u00a0 va uning\u00a0 haq-huquqi,\u00a0 tarixiga,\u00a0 til-adabiyot\u00a0 masalalariga,\u00a0 dunyo\u00a0 ahvoliga\u00a0 doir\u00a0 qizikarli maqolalar,\u00a0 bahslar\u00a0 berib\u00a0 borilgan.\u00a0 Ayniqsa,\u00a0 til\u00a0 masalasi\u00a0 muharrirning\u00a0 hamisha\u00a0 diqqat \u00a0markazida turdi. Behbudiy millatning taraqqiysi uchun bir necha til bilishni shart hisoblardi. \u00a0Jurnalning 1913 yil 13 avgust birinchinishona sonidayoq \u201cIkki emas, to \u02bbrt til lozim\u201d degan maqola bilan chiqqan edi.<\/p>\n

Behbudiy adabiy tanqidga katta e\u02bctibor berdi. Navoiydan keyingi bir necha asrlik sukunatdan so\u02bbng bu sohaning xos xususiyatlarini ta\u02bckidlab adabiyotda tenghuquqlilik masalasini o\u02bbrtaga qo\u02bbydi.\u00a0 Maqola\u00a0 \u201cTanqid\u00a0 saralamoqdur\u201d\u00a0 (1914\u00a0 y.\u00a0 27-son)\u00a0 deb\u00a0 nomlangan\u00a0 edi.\u00a0 Adibning barcha\u00a0 tarixiy-ilmiy\u00a0 mavzudagi\u00a0 maqolalari\u00a0 o\u02bbtmishga\u00a0 kamoli\u00a0 ehgirom\u00a0 va\u00a0 e\u02bctiqod\u00a0 bilan yozilgan.<\/p>\n

Behbudiy\u00a0 millat\u00a0 o\u02bbzini\u00a0 anglagandagina\u00a0 ijtimoiy-siyosiy\u00a0 masalalarni\u00a0 boshqalar\u00a0 bilan\u00a0 teng muhokama eta oladi, degan fikrda bo\u02bbldi. Shuning uchun ham tarixga alohida e\u02bctibor berdi.<\/p>\n

Umuman Behbudiyning publitsist sifatida faoliyati adib iste\u02bcdodini juda yorqin bir qirrasini tashkil\u00a0 etadi.\u00a0 U\u00a0 o\u02bbz\u00a0 umri\u00a0 davomida\u00a0 yuzlab\u00a0 maqolalar\u00a0 yozdi.\u00a0 O\u02bbzining\u00a0 Millat\u00a0 va\u00a0 Vatan, jamiyat\u00a0 va\u00a0 axloq\u00a0 haqidagi\u00a0 fikrlarini\u00a0 ko \u02bbproq\u00a0 maqola\u00a0 va\u00a0 chiqishlarida\u00a0 ifoda\u00a0 etdi.\u00a0 Ba\u02bczilar uning\u00a0 maqolalari\u00a0 200,\u00a0 boshqalar\u00a0 300\u00a0 deb\u00a0 belgilaydilar.\u00a0 Uning\u00a0 barcha\u00a0 maqolalari\u00a0 aniqlab chiqilmagan. Muhimi shundaki, u XX asr boshidagi Turkistonning yirik siyosiy arbobi edi. Uning Millat va Vatan taqdiri haqidagi barcha qarashlari, avval, mana shu maqolalarida aks etgan edi. Bu jihatdan, uning 1906 yil 10 oktyabrda \u201cXurshid\u201d (6-son) gazetasida bosilgan \u00a0\u201cXayrul umuri avsotuho\u201d (\u201cIshlarning yaxshisi o\u02bbrtachasidur\u201d) maqolasi diqqatga \u00a0sazovordir. Bu\u00a0 maqola\u00a0 uzoq\u00a0 yillar\u00a0 Sovet\u00a0 tarix\u00a0 fani\u00a0 nuqtai\u00a0 nazaridan\u00a0 baholanib,\u00a0 Behbudiyni\u00a0 qoralash uchun\u00a0 nishon\u00a0 bo\u02bblib\u00a0 keldi.\u00a0 Gap\u00a0 shundaki,\u00a0 Behbudiy\u00a0 o\u02bbsha\u00a0 1906\u00a0 yildayoq\u00a0 sotsialistik ta\u02bclimotni va uni Rusiyada amalga oshirishga bel bog\u02bblaganLenin partiyasini keskin rad etgan edi. U ham ustozi I. Gasprinskiy kabi sotsializmni zo\u02bbrovonlik hisoblaydi, sotsial tenglikni adolatsizlik\u00a0 deb\u00a0 bildi.\u00a0 Shaxs\u00a0 manfaatdorligida,\u00a0 millat\u00a0 ravnaqida\u00a0 taraqqiyotning\u00a0 buyuk omilini ko\u02bbrdi. Xuddi shu e\u02bctiqod uni Turkistonning mustaqilligi uchun kurashga yetakladi.<\/p>\n

Vatan\u00a0 takdiri\u00a0 kun\u00a0 tartibiga\u00a0 qo\u02bbyilgan\u00a0 1917\u00a0 yilning\u00a0 16\u201323\u00a0 aprelida\u00a0 Behbudiy\u00a0 Toshkentda \u00a0bo\u02bblib\u00a0 o\u02bbtgan\u00a0 Turkiston\u00a0 musulmonlarining\u00a0 150\u00a0 vakili\u00a0 ishtirok\u00a0 etgan\u00a0 qurultoyida\u00a0 hayajonli nutq so\u02bbzladi. Millatni o\u02bbzaro ixtiloflardan voz kechishga, buyuk maqsad yo\u02bblida birlashishga, ittifoq\u00a0 bo\u02bblishga chaqirdi. Xuddi shu ixtilofimiz sababli \u201cmustamlakot qoidasi ila bizni idora eturlar\u201d deb ochiq aytdi.<\/p>\n

Shu\u00a0 yilning\u00a0 26\u00a0 noyabrida\u00a0 Qo\u02bbqonda\u00a0 o\u02bblka\u00a0 musulmonlarining\u00a0 IV\u00a0 favqulodda\u00a0 qurultoyi\u00a0 ish boshladi.\u00a0 27\u00a0 noyabrga\u00a0 o\u02bbtar\u00a0 kechasi\u00a0 \u201cTurkiston\u00a0 muxtoriyati\u201d\u00a0 e\u02bclon\u00a0 qilindi.\u00a0 Bu mustamlakadan mustakillik tomon qo\u02bbyilgan jiddiy va jasoratli qadam edi. Uning ma\u02bcnaviy otasi, shuhbasiz, Behbudiy edi. Biroq u Sovetlar tomonidan xoinona bostirildi. 19\u201320 fevral \u00a0kunlari shahar to\u02bbpga tutildi. 10 ming turkistonlik o\u02bbldirildi, 180 qishloqqa \u00a0o\u02bbt \u00a0qo\u02bbyildi.<\/p>\n

Behbudiy\u00a0 iztirob\u00a0 bilan\u00a0 Samarqandga\u00a0 qaytadi.\u00a0 U\u00a0 yerda\u00a0 tura\u00a0 olmay,\u00a0 Toshkentga\u00a0 keladi. \u00a0Turkiston\u00a0 rus\u00a0 sovet\u00a0 hukumati\u00a0 rahbarlari\u00a0 bilan\u00a0 muzokara\u00a0 olib\u00a0 borishga\u00a0 urinadi.\u00a0 Tabiiyki, muzokaralar natija bermaydi. Millatni, milliy taraqqiyotni inkor etgan sho\u02bbrolar yo\u02bbli aldov va\u00a0 zo\u02bbravonlikka\u00a0 asoslanganini\u00a0 bilardi.\u00a0 Shuning\u00a0 uchun\u00a0 ham\u00a0 uni\u00a0 1906\u00a0 yildayoq\u00a0 aql\u00a0 va shariatga zid deb e\u02bclon qilgan edi.<\/p>\n

Orzulari chil-chil bo\u02bblgan Behbudiy 1919 yilning bahorida, 25 martda parishon holda yo \u02bblga chiqadi va Shahrisabzda qo\u02bblga olinib, taxminan ikki oy o \u02bbtgach, Qarshiga keltirib zindonga tashlandi.\u00a0 Bir\u00a0 necha\u00a0 kundan\u00a0 so\u02bbng\u00a0 Qarshi\u00a0 begi\u00a0 Tog\u02bbaybekning\u00a0 buyrug\u02bbi\u00a0 bilan\u00a0 zindon yaqinidagi\u00a0 \u201cpodsholik\u00a0 chorbog\u02bbi\u201dda\u00a0 o\u02bbldirilgan.\u00a0 Uning\u00a0 qatli\u00a0 haqidagi\u00a0 xabar\u00a0 o \u02bbsha\u00a0 paytdagi poytaxtimiz Samarqandga rosa bir yildan keyin ma\u02bclum bo\u02bbldi. 1920 yilning aprelida butun Turkiston motam tutdi.<\/p>\n

1926\u201327\u00a0 yillarda,\u00a0 11\u00a0 yil\u00a0 Qarshi\u00a0 shahri\u00a0 Behbudiy\u00a0 nomi\u00a0 bilan\u00a0 yuritildi.\u00a0 Adibning\u00a0 nomini adabiylashtirilishi\u00a0 shunchaki\u00a0 bir niqob\u00a0 edi, uning\u00a0 asl\u00a0 qiyofasi\u00a0 xalqdan\u00a0 sir\u00a0 saqlandi. Qarshi shahriga\u00a0 uning\u00a0 nomi\u00a0 qo\u02bbyilgan\u00a0 o\u02bbsha\u00a0 1926\u00a0 yildayoq\u00a0 jadidchilikni\u00a0 aksilinqilobiy, aksilsho\u02bbraviy harakat sifatida qoralash k\u043empaniyasi boshlab yuborilgan edi.<\/p>\n

Bugun Behbudiy kabilar muqaddas tutgan yurt ozod va mustaqil bo\u02bbldi. Ular jon fido etgan istiqlol\u00a0 avlodlariga nasib\u00a0 etdi.\u00a0 Millat\u00a0 va\u00a0 Vatan\u00a0 mustaqilligi\u00a0 yo \u02bblida\u00a0 fido bo\u02bblganlar\u00a0 esa shu Millat va Vatan umri qadar boqiydirlar.<\/p>\n

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Tayyorlagan:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 J.Kadirbaeva<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Taxiatosh tumani\u00a0Axborot-kutubxona markazi\u00a0Axborot-bibliografiya xizmati Turkiston ijtimoiy-siyosiy harakatchiligining\u00a0 eng\u00a0 yirik\u00a0namoyandasi,\u00a0 yangi\u00a0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3693,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3692","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bibliographic-reference"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/taqiyatasmko.uz\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3692","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/taqiyatasmko.uz\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/taqiyatasmko.uz\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taqiyatasmko.uz\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taqiyatasmko.uz\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3692"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/taqiyatasmko.uz\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3692\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3740,"href":"https:\/\/taqiyatasmko.uz\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3692\/revisions\/3740"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taqiyatasmko.uz\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3693"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/taqiyatasmko.uz\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3692"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taqiyatasmko.uz\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3692"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taqiyatasmko.uz\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3692"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}